Influência de diferentes materiais obturadores endodônticos em imagens de TCFC: uma avaliação in vitro / Influence of different root canal obturation materials in CBCT imaging: an in vitro evaluation

Objetivo: O presente estudo avaliou a influência de materiais obturadores endodônticos na produção de artefato de imagens de tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC), por meio da análise de densidade de imagem em incisivos centrais e dentes pré-molares unirradiculares. Métodos: Os dentes foram submetidos a instrumentação endodôntica e divididos em cinco grupos: um grupo controle (sem preenchimento endodôntico) e quatro grupos teste, cada um preenchido por um material obturador endodôntico diferente (PulpCanal Sealer, AHPlus, Sealer26 e BCSealer). Após a aquisição da TCFC, as imagens foram avaliadas para determinar variações de tons de cinza nos três terços da raiz (análise objetiva). A segunda análise (subjetiva) comparou o grupo controle com dois dos grupos teste, em um processo randomizado. Resultados: Na análise objetiva, o Sealer26 e o BCSealer mostraram diferença estatística para valores mínimos, em comparação com outros materiais obturadores endodônticos, para dentes anteriores e posteriores. Para valores máximos, apenas o grupo controle diferiu estatisticamente dos grupos teste. Ao comparar os valores dos pré-molares e dos incisivos centrais em tons cinza pelo teste de Kruskal-Wallis, foi encontrada diferença estatisticamente significativa para os valores mínimos. Na análise subjetiva, para dentes anteriores e posteriores, o PulpCanal Sealer foi o material mais frequentemente apontado pelos observadores como aquele que produziu mais interferência de artefato. Conclusões: Os materiais obturadores endodônticos nos dentes posteriores apresentaram comportamento semelhante; somente o PulpCanal Sealer no terço apical apresentou diferenças estatísticas em relação aos demais grupos. Para os dentes anteriores, o BCSealer apresentou valores mínimos maiores em relação aos outros materiais obturadores endodônticos, o que poderia representar maior interferência do artefato (AU).

Objective: This study evaluated the influence of canal obturation materials in the production of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images artifact, by means of image density analysis and comparison between four materials in central incisors and monoradicular premolar teeth. Materials and Methods: The teeth were submitted to endodontic instrumentation and divided into 5 groups: one control group (no endodontic filling) and four test groups each one filled by a different endodontic sealer (PulpCanal Sealer, AHPlus, Sealer26 and BCSealer). After CBCT scanning, the images were assessed to determine grayscale variations in three root thirds (objective analysis). The second (subjective) analysis compared the control group with two of the test groups in a randomized process. Results: In the objective analysis, Sealer26 and BCSealer showed statistical difference for minimum values, in comparison with another sealers, for both anterior and posterior teeth. For maximum values, only control group differed statistically from test groups. When comparing premolars and central incisors grayscale values by ANOVA analysis, a statistically significant difference was found mainly for minimum values. At the subjective analysis, for both anterior and posterior teeth, PulpCanal Sealer was the filling most frequently appointed by the observers as the one that produced more artifact interference. Conclusion: Endodontic fillings at posterior teeth performed similar behavior. Only PulpCanal Sealer on apical third presented higher maximum values in relation to others groups, which could represent more white brands. For anterior teeth, BC Sealer performed higher minimum values in relation to other endodontic fillings, which could represent more dark bands (AU).

Is there an association between rheumatoid arthritis and bone changes in the temporomandibular joint diagnosed by cone-beam computed tomography? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: Evaluate the relation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and bone changes in the temporomandibular joint diagnosed by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This systematic review and meta-analysis were recorded in the PROSPERO database, using the CRD42020153246 protocol. The electronic searches were performed in the following databases: Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, Lilacs, Cochrane, and Open Grey. Cross-sectional studies that evaluated patients with RA with bone changes in the temporomandibular joint diagnosed by CBCT, without language restriction or publication date, were included. Meta-analysis was performed in Stata Software (StataCorp, TX, USA, version 12.0), using the metan, and a random effects model, and the risk of different bone alterations occurring in adults with and without arthritis was estimated using odds ratios (ORs) as a pooled measure of effect. Forest plots were used to present the isolated and the pooled effects (ORs and 95% CI). RESULTS: Six studies were used for qualitative synthesis and 2 studies for quantitative synthesis. All studies diagnosed higher prevalence changes in the bone structures of the TMJ of RA patients, described as erosion, flattening, sclerosis, and osteophytes. Meta-analysis showed that the chance of bone changes occurring in components of the TMJ is greater in individuals who have RA. CONCLUSION: There is an association between RA and bone changes in TMJ structures diagnosed through CBCT, as RA patients were more likely to have osteoarthritic changes in this joint. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Understanding the existence of an association between bone alterations in TMJ and RA can assist in the management of patients.

Influence of enhancement filters in apical bone loss measurement: A cone-beam computed tomography study.

BACKGROUND: The use of cone-beam computed tomography images (CBCT) providing a better assessment of bone injuries, although the sensibility of lesions measurement might be improved by the use of enhancement filters. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the influence of enhancement filters in apical bone loss measurement. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eighteen CBCT cases randomly selected of apical bone loss were evaluated. The analyses were carried out following the evaluation in axial, coronal and sagittal protocols, using enhancement filters as Hard, Normal, and Very Sharp. The variables were statistically analyzed by Friedman and Wilcoxon test, Spearman's rho, and intraclass correlation coefficient. RESULTS: The differences between filters in axial and sagittal protocols were significant (p<0.05); however, this was not observed in the coronal slice. The use of Hard filter demonstrates better results than Very Sharp and Normal filter, improving significantly the bone loss measurement. A strong, significant and positive correlation was noted for all filters (with p< 0.001), such as a strong agreement between the variables, when the Normal filter was used as a reference. CONCLUSIONS: The use of enhancement filters increases the sensitivity of alveolar bone loss measurement, with relative advantage for Hard filter. Key words:Cone-Beam computed tomography. endodontics. periapical periodontitis. image enhancement. alveolar bone loss.

Reliability of digital panoramic radiography in the diagnosis of carotid artery calcifications / Confiabilidade da radiografia panorâmica digital no diagnóstico de calcificações na artéria carótida

Objective The present study evaluated the reliability of digital panoramic radiography in the diagnosis of carotid artery calcifications. Materials and Methods Thirty-five patients under high-risk for development of carotid artery calcifications who had digital panoramic radiography were referred to undergo ultrasonography. Thus, 70 arteries were assessed by both methods. The main parameters utilized to evaluate the panoramic radiography reliability in the diagnosis of carotid artery calcifications were accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of this method as compared with ultrasonography. Additionally, the McNemar's test was utilized to verify whether there was a statistically significant difference between digital panoramic radiography and ultrasonography. Results Ultrasonography demonstrated carotid artery calcifications in 17 (48.57%) patients. Such individuals presented with a total of 29 (41.43%) carotid arteries affected by calcification. Radiography was accurate in 71.43% (n = 50) of cases evaluated. The degree of sensitivity of this method was 37.93%, specificity of 95.12% and positive predictive value of 84.61%. A statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) was observed between the methods evaluated in their capacity to diagnose carotid artery calcifications. Conclusion Digital panoramic radiography should not be indicated as a method of choice in the investigation of carotid artery calcifications. .

Objetivo O presente estudo avaliou a confiabilidade da radiografia panorâmica digital no diagnóstico de calcificações na artéria carótida. Materiais e Métodos Trinta e cinco pacientes de alto risco para o desenvolvimento de calcificações na artéria carótida que tinham a radiografia panorâmica digital foram encaminhados para realização do exame de ultrassonografia. Assim, 70 artérias foram avaliadas pelos dois exames. Os principais parâmetros utilizados para avaliar a confiabilidade da radiografia panorâmica no diagnóstico de calcificações na artéria carótida foram a precisão, a sensibilidade, a especificidade e o valor preditivo positivo desse método quando comparado à ultrassonografia. Além disso, o teste de McNemar foi utilizado para verificar se existia diferença estatisticamente significante entre a radiografia panorâmica digital e ultrassonografia. Resultados De acordo com a ultrassonografia, 17 (48,57%) pacientes apresentavam calcificações na artéria carótida. Esses indivíduos apresentavam um total de 29 (41,43%) artérias carótidas atingidas por calcificações. O exame radiográfico foi preciso em acertar 71,43% (n = 50) dos casos avaliados. O grau de sensibilidade desse método foi 37,93%, especificidade de 95,12% e valor preditivo positivo de 84,61%. Além disso, foi verificada diferença estatisticamente significante (p < 0,001) entre os exames avaliados na capacidade de diagnosticar calcificações na artéria carótida. Conclusão A radiografia panorâmica digital não deve ser indicada como exame de excelência para investigação da presença de calcificações na artéria carótida. .

Tomografia por emissão de pósitrons em tumores malignos de cabeça e pescoço / Positron-emission tomography in head and neck cancer

Head and neck cancer is considered a public health problem worldwide, given its high morbidity and mortality. The more advanced is the histopathologic grade, the more aggressive may be the therapies. The development of health policies, diagnosis and treatments lead to better prognostic perspectives. This paper aimed to review the literature regarding the application of positron emission tomography in headand neck cancer, including its impact in the diagnosis, image principles, radiotracers, positron emission tomography / computed tomographyimage fusion and other advantages. The review was performed following systematized search strategies reported in the literature. It could be observed that the use of positron emission tomography improves the diagnostic approach of the patients, especially when positron emission tomography is allied to computed tomography. As it provides physiological information, positron emission tomography also benefits the prognostic and reduces the morbidity related to the treatment of head and neck cancer.

Apresentando-se como um problema de saúde pública em todo o mundo, o câncer de cabeça e pescoço caracteriza-se por sua alta morbidadee mortalidade. Quanto mais avançado o grau de diferenciação tumoral, mais mutiladoras tendem a ser as terapias empregadas. Desta forma,os avanços nos âmbitos da promoção de saúde, diagnóstico e tratamento são extremamente benéficos ao prognóstico. Esta revista daliteratura tem por objetivo discorrer sobre a aplicação da tomografia por emissão de pósitrons no diagnóstico e planejamento terapêuticode pacientes portadores de tumores malignos de cabeça e pescoço, princípios de formação da imagem, radiofármacos utilizados, fusãode imagens tomografia por emissão de pósitrons e tomografia computadorizada e suas contribuições. O levantamento bibliográfico foiefetuado segundo estratégias sistematizadas relatadas em literatura. Fornecendo informações relativas à fisiologia das lesões através daadministração de radiofármacos, pode ser observado que a tomografia por emissão de pósitrons, especialmente quando aliada à tomografiacomputadorizada, maximiza as possibilidades diagnósticas em determinadas indicações, favorecendo ao prognóstico e sugerindo redução na morbidade decorrente do tratamento no câncer de cabeça e pescoço.

Assessment of open source software for CBCT in detecting additional mental foramina

The purpose of this study was to evaluate which post-processing imaging protocol would be better to analyze the additional mental foramen (AMF) in preoperative planning with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) exams, and to test reproducibility of measurements, using open source software (OsiriX). The software was used to detect the cases of AMF from among 58 exams for dental implant planning in edentulous mandible areas-three cases were found. The case images were submitted to qualitative analysis using 2D orthogonal MPR, 3D-MPR and 3D volume rendering protocols by two oral and maxillofacial radiologists. Quantitative analysis used the 3D-MPR protocol; the closed polygon tool measured the mental foramen (MF) and the AMF areas; the length tool measured the distance between foramina. The measurements were performed independently by the examiners, at two different times. Intra- and interexaminer agreement was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient. The panoramic view did not show the MF and the AMF clearly. The AMF could be detected in the parasagittal view. 2D Orthogonal MPR was effective to observe the AMF in some cases. The 3D-MPR and 3D view protocols were the most effective to locate and analyze the AMF. In conclusion, a 3D view improves visualization when anatomical points are not clearly visible. 3D-MPR was considered a more effective post-processing imaging protocol to observe foramina relationships. The high reproducibility of measurements for anatomical MF variations was established using specific tools featured in open source software for CBCT. OsiriX is realistic and recommended for preoperative planning.

Assessment of open source software for CBCT in detecting additional mental foramina.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate which post-processing imaging protocol would be better to analyze the additional mental foramen (AMF) in preoperative planning with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) exams, and to test reproducibility of measurements, using open source software (OsiriX). The software was used to detect the cases of AMF from among 58 exams for dental implant planning in edentulous mandible areas-three cases were found. The case images were submitted to qualitative analysis using 2D orthogonal MPR, 3D-MPR and 3D volume rendering protocols by two oral and maxillofacial radiologists. Quantitative analysis used the 3D-MPR protocol; the closed polygon tool measured the mental foramen (MF) and the AMF areas; the length tool measured the distance between foramina. The measurements were performed independently by the examiners, at two different times. Intra- and interexaminer agreement was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient. The panoramic view did not show the MF and the AMF clearly. The AMF could be detected in the parasagittal view. 2D Orthogonal MPR was effective to observe the AMF in some cases. The 3D-MPR and 3D view protocols were the most effective to locate and analyze the AMF. In conclusion, a 3D view improves visualization when anatomical points are not clearly visible. 3D-MPR was considered a more effective post-processing imaging protocol to observe foramina relationships. The high reproducibility of measurements for anatomical MF variations was established using specific tools featured in open source software for CBCT. OsiriX is realistic and recommended for preoperative planning.

Correlação clínico-tomográfica em patologias dos seios maxilares: avaliação por meio de tomografia computadorizada por feixe cônico / Clinical and tomographic correlation in maxillary sinus pathologies: an evaluation by cone beam computed tomography

Objetivo: Analisar os achados tomográficos fortuitos em seios maxilares por meio de exames de Tomografia Computadorizada por Feixe Cônico, bem como sua correlação com a sintomatologia clínica relatada. Método: Exames da maxila de 54 pacientes foram avaliados por dois examinadores independentes considerando os seios maxilares direito e esquerdo (n=108). Foi verificada a ocorrência de patologias sinusais nas paredes anterior, medial, lateral e posterior, assoalho e teto dos seios maxilares, utilizando o software i-CAT Vision® (versão 1.6.20). Esses dados foram correlacionados com a presença ou ausência de sintomatologia relacionada à patologia sinusal. Resultados: O achado tomográfico mais observado foi a opacificação do seio pelo acúmulo de secreções (28,70%), seguido pelo espessamento da mucosa antral do seio maxilar (20,37%) e pela presença de cisto mucoso (17,59%). Em 60,22% dos casos não houve relato de sintomatologia clínica, independente da presença de patologias. A ocorrência de sintomatologia e achados tomográficos concomitantemente foi observada em 35,20% dos seios examinados, enquanto em 45,37% o achado tomográfico estava presente, sem, contanto, haver relato de sintomatologia. As paredes dos seios mais afetadas foram o assoalho (71,30%), correlacionando fator odontogênico associado, e a parede medial (57,40%), estando relacionada à frequência de infecções das vias aéreas superiores. O protocolo de visualização multiplanar obteve total acurácia e sensibilidade (100%), seguido pelos protocolos coronal (81,50%), e axial (76%).Conclusão: O exame de Tomografia Computadorizada por Feixe Cônico mostrou- se útil para definir a presença de patologias sinusais, porém é inespecífico na correlação dos achados em pacientes sintomáticos e na intensidade destes sintomas.

Objective: To analyze the eventual tomographic findings in maxillary sinuses by cone beam computed tomography as well as its relationship with the reported clinical symptoms. Method: Maxillary exams of 54 patients were evaluated by two independent examiners considering the right and left maxillary sinuses (n=108). There were sinus pathologies on the anterior, medial, lateral and posterior walls, the floor and ceiling of maxillary sinuses, detected with the i-CAT Vision® (version 1.6.20) software. The collected data were correlated with the presence or absence of symptoms related to the sinus pathology. Results: The most frequent tomographic finding was opacification of the sinuses by accumulation of sinusoidal secretions (28.70%), followed by thickening of the antral mucosa of the maxillary sinus (20.37%) and the presence of mucous cyst (17.59%). In 60.22% of the cases, there was no report of clinical symptomatology regardless of the presence of pathology. Simultaneous presence of symptoms and tomographic findings occurred in 35.20% of the sinuses, while in 45.37% there was a tomographic finding without reported symptomatology. The most affected sinus walls were the floor (71.30%), associated with odontogenic origin, and the medial wall (57.40%) associated with upper airway infections. The multiplanar visualization protocol resulted in complete accuracy and sensitivity (100%), followed by the coronal (81.50%) and axial (76%) protocols. Conclusion: Cone beam computed tomography was proven useful for detecting the presence of sinus pathologies, but it was unspecific in the correlation of the findings in symptomatic patients and in the intensity of these symptoms.

Impact of Image Filters and Observations Parameters in CBCT for Identification of Mandibular Osteolytic Lesions.

The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of filters (algorithms) to improve the image of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) in diagnosis of osteolytic lesions of the mandible, in order to establish the protocols for viewing images more suitable for CBCT diagnostics. 15 dry mandibles in which perforations were performed, simulating lesions, were submitted to CBCT examination. Two examiners analyzed the images, using filters to improve image Hard, Normal, and Very Sharp, contained in the iCAT Vision software, and protocols for assessment: axial; sagittal and coronal; and axial, sagittal and coronal planes simultaneously (MPR), on two occasions. The sensitivity and specificity (validity) of the cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) have been demonstrated as the values achieved were above 75% for sensitivity and above 85% for specificity, reaching around 95.5% of sensitivity and 99% of specificity when we used the appropriate observation protocol. It was concluded that the use of filters (algorithms) to improve the CBCT image influences the diagnosis, due to the fact that all measured values were correspondingly higher when it was used the filter Very Sharp, which justifies its use for clinical activities, followed by Hard and Normal filters, in order of decreasing values.

Comparison between cone-beam and multislice computed tomography for identification of simulated bone lesions.

There are many studies that compare the accuracy of multislice (MSCT) and cone beam (CBCT) computed tomography for evaluations in the maxillofacial region. However, further studies comparing both acquisition techniques for the evaluation of simulated mandibular bone lesions are needed. The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of MSCT and CBCT in the diagnosis of simulated mandibular bone lesions by means of cross sectional images and axial/MPR slices. Lesions with different dimensions, shape and locularity were produced in 15 dry mandibles. The images were obtained following the cross sectional and axial/MPR (Multiplanar Reconstruction) imaging protocols and were interpreted independently. CBCT and MSCT showed similar results in depicting the percentage of cortical bone involvement, with great sensitivity and specificity (p < 0.005). There were no significant intra- or inter-examiner differences between axial/MPR images and cross sectional images with regard to sensitivity and specificity. CBCT showed results similar to those of MSCT for the identification of the number of simulated bone lesions. Cross sectional slices and axial/MPR images presented high accuracy, proving useful for bone lesion diagnosis.

Comparison between cone-beam and multislice computed tomography for identification of simulated bone lesions

There are many studies that compare the accuracy of multislice (MSCT) and cone beam (CBCT) computed tomography for evaluations in the maxillofacial region. However, further studies comparing both acquisition techniques for the evaluation of simulated mandibular bone lesions are needed. The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of MSCT and CBCT in the diagnosis of simulated mandibular bone lesions by means of cross sectional images and axial/MPR slices. Lesions with different dimensions, shape and locularity were produced in 15 dry mandibles. The images were obtained following the cross sectional and axial/MPR (Multiplanar Reconstruction) imaging protocols and were interpreted independently. CBCT and MSCT showed similar results in depicting the percentage of cortical bone involvement, with great sensitivity and specificity (p < 0.005). There were no significant intra- or inter-examiner differences between axial/MPR images and cross sectional images with regard to sensitivity and specificity. CBCT showed results similar to those of MSCT for the identification of the number of simulated bone lesions. Cross sectional slices and axial/MPR images presented high accuracy, proving useful for bone lesion diagnosis.

Accuracy assessment of human sphenoidal sinus volume and area measure and its relationship with sexual dimorphism using the 3D-CT / Avaliação da precisão das medidas de volume e área do seio esfenoidal humano em relação ao dimorfismo sexual utilizando a TC-3D

Introduction - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the precision of volumetric measurements of sphenoidal sinuses and the obtention of sexual dimorphism, using spiral computed tomography (CT). Materials and Methods - Fifty individuals were studied (25 male and 25 female),examined with CT multiplanar reconstructions in sagital and coronal views, and in 3DCT. The statistical analysis was obtained by using the Levene test, and t-test. Results - The method used is over the inadequate limit for area measurements, and the method is acceptable for volume, but needs improvement. Male individuals showed a mean higher than that female's, and a higher variation for area and volume. Conclusion - The spiral CT is helpful in sphenoidal sinus region study, showing precision for volume only. There was a significant difference between the mean values of the two genders, so the method can be used to determine sexual dimorphism.

Introdução - O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a precisão das medidas de volume e área do seio esfenoidal humano, e a possibilidade de obtenção do dimorfismo sexual. Materiais e Métodos - Foram estudados 25 indivíduos do gênero masculino e 25 do feminino, examinados por meio da tomografia computadorizada, com reconstrução em terceira dimensão, e recursos de computação gráfica. A análise estatística foi feita utilizando os métodos de Análise de Variância para medidas repetidas (ANOVA), teste de Levene e teste-t. Resultados - O método utilizado está pouco acima do limite de não aceitação, e, quanto ao volume, é aceitável precisando ainda de melhoria. Notamos que o gênero masculino apresenta uma média aparentemente maior que o sexo feminino, bem como uma variação maior tanto em área quanto em volume. Conclusão - A tomografia computadorizada em espiral foi útil no estudo da região de seios esfenoidais, apresentando precisão adequada apenas para volume. A diferença significativa entre as médias dos valores dos grupos masculino e feminino possibilita afirmar que há possibilidade de utilização do método para avaliação do dimorfismo sexual.

Avaliação da precisão das medidas de volume e área do seio esfenoidal humano em relação ao dimorfismo sexual utilizando a TC-3D / Accuracy assessment of human sphnoidal sinus volume and area measure and its relationship with sexual dimorphism the 3D-CT

Introdução - O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a precisão das medidas de volume e área do seio esfenoidal humano, e a possibilidade de obtenção do dimorfismo sexual. Materiais e Métodos - Foram estudados 25 indivíduos do gênero masculino e 25 do feminino, examinados por meio da tomografia computadorizada, com reconstrução em terceira dimensão, e recursos de computação gráfica. A análise estatística foi feita utilizando métodos de Análise de Variância para medidas repetidas (ANOVA), teste de Levene e teste-t. Resultados - O método utilizado está pouco acima do limite de não aceitação, e, quanto ao volume, é aceitável precisando ainda de melhoria. Notamos que o gênero masculino apresenta uma média aparentemente maior que o sexo feminino, bem como uma variação maior tanto em área quanto em volume. Conclusão - A tomografia computadorizada em espiral foi útil no estudo da região de seios esfenoidais, apresentando precisão adequada apenas para volume. A diferença significativa entre as médias dos valores dos grupos masculino e feminino possibilita afirmar que há possibilidade de utilização do método para avaliação do dimorfismo sexual

Cisto nasolabial bilateral: relato de dois casos / Bilateral nasolabial cyst: report of two cases

O cisto nasolabial caracteriza-se como lesão não-odontogênica de partes moles, rara e com ocorrência em situação paramediana, anteriormente ao rebordo alveolar da maxila e à asa do nariz. Portratar-se de lesão de tecido mole, geralmente não produz alteração radiográfica. No presente trabalho são descritos dois casos de cisto nasolabial, nos quais são evidenciados aspectos relevantes em relação ao diagnóstico diferencial por meio de tomografia computadorizada e ressonância magnética, bem como os aspectos atípicos encontrados em um dos casos relatados, como bilateralidade e diferença de intensidade de sinal à ressonância magnética. São discutidos, ainda, fatores determinantes para o diagnóstico diferencial de lesões de tecido mole do complexo maxilofacial,como cistos fissurais de ocorrência central (sagital), entre eles dermóides, palatinos e nasopalatinos (cisto do canal do incisivo), e cistos de fissura lateral.

The nasolabial cyst is defined as nonodontogenic soft tissue lesion, rare and with occurrence in sagittal plane, between midline and nasal cartilage. Because its soft tissue composition, there is no radiographic presentation in conventional radiographic examination,being indicated evaluation through computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. In the present study, two cases are discussed, being one in white female subject, 72-year-old, and other in a black male subject, 24-year-old. The authors discuss about relevant aspects related to differential diagnosis through computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, as wellas atypical features founded in one of the cases, like bilateral occurrence with different signal intensity in magnetic resonance imaging and determinant factors for differential diagnosis of softtissues pathologies of maxillofacial complex, as fissure cysts with central occurrence (sagittal cysts), as dermoid cysts, palatine and nasopalatine and lateral fissure cysts.

Computed tomography imaging findings of simultaneous bifid mandibular condyle and temporomandibular joint ankylosis: case report.

Bifid mandibular condyle is an uncommon entity described in the literature as having a controversial etiology. Despite the absence of clinical symptomatology, the radiologist must be aware and should have some knowledge of this abnormality, as well its implications regarding functional and morphological changes. TMJ ankylosis is a disabling disease with involvement of the mandibular condyle, articular fossa and base of the skull. The association of bifid condyle with temporomandibular joint ankylosis is rare and must be carefully evaluated. The purpose of this paper is to report a case of simultaneous bifid mandibular condyle and temporomandibular joint ankylosis and to describe its computed tomography imaging findings.

Comparative study of single and multislice computed tomography for assessment of the mandibular canal

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of relative measurements from the roof of the mandibular canal to the alveolar crest in multislice (multidetector) computed tomography (MDCT) and single-slice computed tomography (SSCT). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The sample consisted of 26 printed CT films (7 SSCT and 19 MDCT) from the files of the LABI-3D (3D Imaging Laboratory) of the School of Dentistry of the University of São Paulo (FOUSP), which had been acquired using different protocols. Two observers analyzed in a randomized and independent order a series of 22 oblique CT reconstructions of each patient. Each observer analyzed the CT scans twice. The length of the mandibular canal and the distance between the mandibular canal roof and the crest of the alveolar ridge were obtained. Dahlberg test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The mean error found for the mandibular canal length measurements obtained from SSCT was 0.53 mm in the interobserver analysis, and 0.38 mm for both observers. On MDCT images, the mean error was 0.0 mm in the interobserver analysis, and 0.0 and 0.23 mm in the intraobserver analysis. Regarding the distance between the mandibular canal roof and the alveolar bone crest, the SSCT images showed a mean error of 1.16 mm in the interobserver analysis and 0.66 and 0.59 mm in the intraobserver analysis. In the MDCT images, the mean error was 0.72 mm in the interobserver analysis and 0.50 and 0.54 mm in the intraobserver analysis. CONCLUSION: Multislice CT was demonstrated a more accurate method and demonstrated high reproducibility in the analysis of important anatomical landmarks for planning of mandibular dental implants, namely the mandibular canal pathway and alveolar crest height.

Comparative study of single and multislice computed tomography for assessment of the mandibular canal.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of relative measurements from the roof of the mandibular canal to the alveolar crest in multislice (multidetector) computed tomography (MDCT) and single-slice computed tomography (SSCT). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The sample consisted of 26 printed CT films (7 SSCT and 19 MDCT) from the files of the LABI-3D (3D Imaging Laboratory) of the School of Dentistry of the University of São Paulo (FOUSP), which had been acquired using different protocols. Two observers analyzed in a randomized and independent order a series of 22 oblique CT reconstructions of each patient. Each observer analyzed the CT scans twice. The length of the mandibular canal and the distance between the mandibular canal roof and the crest of the alveolar ridge were obtained. Dahlberg test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The mean error found for the mandibular canal length measurements obtained from SSCT was 0.53 mm in the interobserver analysis, and 0.38 mm for both observers. On MDCT images, the mean error was 0.0 mm in the interobserver analysis, and 0.0 and 0.23 mm in the intraobserver analysis. Regarding the distance between the mandibular canal roof and the alveolar bone crest, the SSCT images showed a mean error of 1.16 mm in the interobserver analysis and 0.66 and 0.59 mm in the intraobserver analysis. In the MDCT images, the mean error was 0.72 mm in the interobserver analysis and 0.50 and 0.54 mm in the intraobserver analysis. CONCLUSION: Multislice CT was demonstrated a more accurate method and demonstrated high reproducibility in the analysis of important anatomical landmarks for planning of mandibular dental implants, namely the mandibular canal pathway and alveolar crest height.

Computed tomography imaging findings of simultaneous bifid mandibular condyle and temporomandibular joint ankylosis: case report

Bifid mandibular condyle is an uncommon entity described in the literature as having a controversial etiology. Despite the absence of clinical symptomatology, the radiologist must be aware and should have some knowledge of this abnormality, as well its implications regarding functional and morphological changes. TMJ ankylosis is a disabling disease with involvement of the mandibular condyle, articular fossa and base of the skull. The association of bifid condyle with temporomandibular joint ankylosis is rare and must be carefully evaluated. The purpose of this paper is to report a case of simultaneous bifid mandibular condyle and temporomandibular joint ankylosis and to describe its computed tomography imaging findings.

O côndilo mandibular bífido (BMC) é uma entidade incomum descrita na literatura e de etiologia controversa. Apesar da ausência de sintomatologia clínica, o radiologista deve estar alerta e deve ter conhecimento a respeito desta anormalidade, bem como suas implicações funcionais e mudanças morfológicas. A anquilose de articulação temporomandibular é uma patologia incapacitante com envolvimento do côndilo mandibular, fossa articular e base do crânio. A associação entre côndilo mandibular bífido e anquilose temporomandibular é rara e deve ser avaliada cuidadosamente. O objetivo deste artigo é relatar um caso simultâneo de côndilo mandibular bífido (BMC) e anquilose temporomandibular e descrever seus achados em tomografia computadorizada (CT).

Bifid mandibular condyle: case report and etiological considerations.

Bifid mandibular condyle, usually diagnosed on routine radiographic examination, is described in the literature as a rare entity. Its cause is controversial, and it has no predilection by sex or ethnic background. Dental professionals should have some knowledge of this anatomic abnormality, as well as its implications for function and appropriate treatment modalities, so that they can be alert to this potential diagnosis. This paper reports an unusual case of bifid mandibular condyle with possible traumatic cause, with emphasis on the radiographic and tomographic findings.

Prevalência de anomalias dentatárias em serviços privados em João Pessoa - Paraíba - Brasil / Prevalence of Dental Abnormalities in Private Services in João Pessoa - Paraíba - Brasil

Objetivo: Constatar a prevalência de anomalias dentárias em uma amostra populacional de pacientes, de ambos os gêneros, na faixa etária de 06 a 16 anos, oriundos de Clínicas Privadas na Cidade de João Pessoa - Paraíba - Brasil. Material e Métodos: Foram avaliados 516 radiografias panorâmicas, sendo 218 (42,2 por cento) pacientes do gênero masculino e 298 (57,8 por cento) do gênero feminino. O exame foi realizado por um único examinador especialista em radiologia odontológica. Resultados: A faixa etária da amostra variou de 06 a 16 anos (média=11,6 anos; DP=2,81). As anomalias dentárias foram detectadas em 116 pacientes (22,5 por cento), tendo sido a hipodontia a anomalia mais freqüente (15,1 por cento), seguido de hiperdontia (3,7 por cento) e a microdontia (1,6 por cento). Não houve diferença significativa em relação aos gêneros estudados. Conclusão: Considerando a prevalência das anomalias dentárias, as radiografias panorâmicas apresentam-se como importante subsídio para o estudo das anomalias dentárias proporcionando uma maior fidedignidade de resultados e desta forma orientando os Cirurgiões Dentistas quanto aos possíveis transtornos decorrentes destas alterações